Spindle and bearing for slubbing, spinning, twisting, or like machines.



W. Rv. ERSKINE. l SPINDLE AND'BEARING POR. SLUBBINGL SPINNING, TWISTING, 0R LIKE MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR.16,1908.

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

y NITED srnris rlifrnn'r'orrion.

WILLIAM a. EnsKINE,

F LINDLE, GEORGIA.

SEINBLE AND BEARING FOR SLUBBING, SPINNING, TWISTIING, 0R LIKE MACHINES.

marea.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 2, 1916.

Application filed April 16, 1968. Serial No. 427,530.

of Lindale, in the county of Floyd and State of Georgia, have inventedcertain new and useful Im rovelnents in Spindles and Bearings for lubbing, Spinning, Twisting, or Like Machines, of which the following description, with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

Like numerals on the drawings denote like parts. v

My invention relatos to slubbers and roving and fly frames, spinning-frames, twisters and like machines. Its objects are to overcome difficulties which primarily result from the collection upon rods which slide in bearings in such machines of the flyings and lint which often cloud the air that surrounds such slide-rods and which are derived chiefly from the broken ends of slubhinge, rovings, or yarns, that are whipped spindle and bearing.

or frayed into fiyings and lint by the rapidly rotating fliers or by the rapidly running belts. The driving belts of such machines are frequently highly charged with electricity and broken ends hanging near to such belts become electrified therefronntheir end-fibers are electrically repelled from one another and they sepa-rate and fly apart into the air. Such flyings gather upon the exposed sui'- faces of the rods, spindles, lframework, and other parts of thc near by machines, and the more rapidly upon such exposed surfaces as are covered with a coating of oil. In slub'- bers and roving andv fly frames there are usually bolster-bearings each of which surrounds and maintains in a vertical position the upper portion ofa revolving spindle with a relativelongitudinal traverse of the stationary and the spindle may traverse it longitudinally.

I have practically applied my invention to certain well-known slubbers and rovingand fly frames in which the bolster-bearing which surrounds and maintains in a vertical position the upper portion of a revolving spindle has a longitudinal traverse with res ect to the spindle but does not revolvean in which the spindle has onlya revolving motion, and .I have illustrated such application in the drawings to which thisdescription particularly refers. l",

In the drawings, Figure l, representsa vertical cross-section of so much of a dy- The bearing may bev frame as is necessary to illustrate my invention, Fig. 2, represents a bolster-tube with related parts partly in vertical cross-section and artly in elevation and a portion of a spindle in elevation, all upon a larger scale than in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3, represents a crosssection of Fig. 2, at the line 1-1.

In the drawings: 1 represents a portion of the framing of the machine; 2,'f`the spindleshaft; 3, the driving bevel-gear, fastened to .the spindle-shaft; 4, the driven bevel-'gear fastened to the spindle; 5, the spindle; 6, the grooveYV in the spindle; 7, the' liftin shaft; 8the spur-gear fastened to the li ting-shaft; 9, the lifting-rack; 10, the bracket fastened to the lifting-rack and carrying the lifting-rail; 11, the lifting-rail; 12, the bolster-standfastened to the lifting-rail; 13, the bolster-tube fastened in the bolster-stand 14, the bolster-bearing; 15, the bobbin-shaft; 16, the driaing' skew-bevel-gear fastened to the bobbin-shaft; .17, the driven skew-bevelgear whichis integral with the bobbin-tube; 18, the bobbin-tube; 19, the bobbing; 20, the

fiier; 21, the cover-board for inclos'rng the4 spindle-driving-gearing; 22, the steel-Covefi for the spindle-driving-gearing; 23, the cover-board for inclosing the bobbin-rail and attached parts; 2i, the steel-cover for the lbobbin-driving-gearing. YAll of `these parts are as 4is usual in such machines, except the spindle, which is so grooved as to embody my invention, separately and in combination with related parts. `The spindles of such machines are revolving slide-rods, with respect to their bolster-bearings. Each such bearing tends to wipe the flyings from a spindle-surface, but itsvaction as a spindlecleaner is imperfect and some such flyings are drawn in between the spindle and the bearing. Gradually, the flyings which are thus drawn into the limited annular space between the s indle andthe bearing line the bearing and ecoine tightly acked within it. The radial dimension o space is slight, although it becomes greater with wear. The 'more it has been enlar ed by wear, the greater is the difliculty which is now being'considered. If there is a flaw in the metal ofthe bearing, a pin-hole, a tool-mark, or other roughness, the collection of fiyings forms most rapidly there and tends to throw the s indle out of its normal vertical position. hemaximum deviation .from theffrorrect position of the spindle this annular ,100

tion to overcome.

which results from` this cause increases as the bolster-bearing becomes enlarged with wear. Such a collection becomes glazed by the rubbing of the spindle against it, and, when it has thickened sufficiently it causes excessive and increasing friction and heating of the parts. Sometimes such heating has given the surface of the spindles a Lbluedsteel color. Finally the sticking of the spindle within the bolster-bearing causes it to move up and down with 'the bolster-bearing and to cease to revolve. The friction, in the bolster-bearing, while the spindle still revolves, greatly increases the power which is required to rotate the spindles, and this increase of power is practically evidenced by the necessity of keeping the driving-belts of the machines exceptionally tight. It also tends to the injury of the bevel-gear which is secured to the spindle near its lower end,

and to the injury of the cover-board which.

protects such gear from lyings and dust. 'When the spindle sticks .in its bolster-bearing tightly enough to cause it to rise and fall with the bolster, which may occur without the fact having been observed, then, during its rising, one or two teeth may be broken out of the driven skewbe\.'el-gear which is secured to the spindle near its lower end, through the action of the teeth of its driver, the skew-bevel-gear that is secured to the liorizontal-spindle shaft.

When a spindle continues its upward movement, the driven bevetgear that is secured to it contacts with and tilts upwardly the covenboard which is close above it. lVhen the gear has risen sufficiently far, the eoverboard falls back into place but with the g .ar above it. As the bolster, the sticking spindle, and its attached bevel-gear make 'the downward tren the gear jams into and injures or destro the cover-board. lf if `,erience in the mill with a particular bearing shows that such an accumulation of fibers forms within it much more rapidly than in other bearings of the same set, that particular bea-ring is quite likely to be smashed by order of the overseer and a new one substituted therefor. Sometimes a large number of spindles in a, slubber or roving or fly-fran'ie may all together stick in the manner that has been described, tightly enough to break the teeth out of the gear through which power is transmitted to the two horizonal shafts carrying the bevel-gears that drive the bevel-gears secured to the lower end of the spindles and to the bobbin-gears. lVhenever spindles thus stick, the drawingrolls continue to pay out roving all of which becomes flyings or waste.k Such are diiii culties which it is the purpose of this inven- I overcome these diiiiculties by cutting a groove in the spindle and I have experimented with. spindles that have been variously grooved for the purpose of ascertaining what features of such grooves were of practical importance. .l prefer to use a helical groove but that form is not essential to my invention. As the results of my experiments and experience I have determined that better results are secured: if the direction of the winding of the groove in the spindle is of the opposite hand to that of the revolution of the spindle with respect to its bolster or bearing; if the groove does not wind frequently about the spindle but is of particularly long pitch; if the top of the groove never passes relatively below the top-edge of the bolster-bearing; if the bottom of the groove never passes relatively above the bottoni of the chamber-ed part of the bolster-tube; and, if the shape of the following, that is, of the cutting edge of the groove is sharp but slightly obtuse-angled. lt is not essential to my invention that each of these minor features shall be embodied in a grooved rod or spindle in order that it may embody my invention, but my experiments and experience show that my invention will be less eflicient in its practical operation if any of the said features are omitted from its practical embodiment. When the direction of the winding of the groove in the spindle is the same hand as that of the revolution of the spindle with respect to its bolster or bearing, black, oily, line-clipped fibers are discharged into the interior of the bobbin at the top of the bolster or bearing and when the bobbins are dotted much of the dirt falls out and smirches the roving. `When the groove winds frequently about the spindle and is of comparatively short pitch, is less etiieient as a liber-clipping device and needlessly efficient as a means for moving the offensive fibrous material lengthwise with respect to the bolster or bearing. This is vparticularly true of such fibrous material as may have packed into the enlarged part of the bolster-tube below the bolster-bearing. When the top of the groove passes relatively below the top-edge of the bolster-bearing during a portion of the relative reciprocation of the bolster-bearing and the rod or spindle, there is, during that portion of the relative reciprocation, a cessation of the cleaning action of the groove in the u per part of the bearing an( a cessation o the efficient shearing or clipping action which should occur between the upper edge of the bearing and the following one of the two edges of the groove. TWhen the bottom of the groove passes relatively above the bottom of the chambered part of the bolster-tube during a portion of the relative reciprocation of the bolster-tube and the rod or spindle, then there is a cessation, during that portion of the relative reeiprocation, of opportunity for the free discharge of black, oily, clipped-fibers from the bottom of the groove. Vhen the shape of the cross-section. of the cuttlngedge of the groove is too acute-angled, it will become too= easily dulled. I When. that edge is too dull, itwill.y work ineiiiciently. I have experimentally ascertained that a straight lon- 'tudinal groevey will. remove fibers from the Interior of the bear-ing but will not free itself readily.. The iyings pack. into the straight groove and stick there, their Weight being. insufficient to cause them to pass downwardly and there beingno other influence tending to-oause them to traverse the groove in'either direction, excepting the pressure with which such substances as are scraped from the interior of the bearing, are` forced into the groove. Such pressurewould tend'to force suchsubstances either way lengthwise of the groove, causing them to -ass outl of the groove either above or bc ow, the bearing.

Any such substances which might be forced out of the groove above the bearing, would pass into' the interior of the bore of the bobbinand when the bobbins are dotted they will tend to fall out and to smirch the roving.

The prior art contains many spindles whichv are grooved. for purposes of lubrication, In these, the direction of winding of the groove in the spindle is right-handed when the revolution of the spindle is righthanded. They have been successfully used in the cases of spindles which revolve in their bearings but have no relative longitudinal traverse of the spindle and bolster bearing, but they are wholly unfit for use in slubbers and roving-and vliy-frames and in spinning and twisting machines where there is relative longitudinal traverse of the spinelle and bearino' on account of the soiling of the roving and yarn that would result. I prefer that for a spindle three-fourths of an inch in diameter the groove should make about one 'revolution in twelve feo inches length.

When the bearing is rising and the spindle is revolving, libers that adhere to the Surface of a spindle having my improved lgroove are liable to be Caught between the top edge of the bearing and the edge of the spiral roove and to be cut in two as by a. pair org shears. A part of such a cut liber may fall upon the top of the bearing. Another art of it may enter the groove. A collection of iyings which has begun to ack between the s indle and its bolsterearing is elastic. he spindle at that edge 'of the groove which first reaches the collection of flyings ceases to rub or stroke the 'lyinos and allows them by virtue of their elasticity, to fluit' out into the groove, when thegroove comes into such a position as to "fenable them to do so. i

Vative motion of the bearing and the spin- The continued'` relinto Contact with a part of the collection of vlyings and sweeps it from the interior of the bearing into the groove. The following Y edge of the groove is likely to cut more or less of the fibers of the collection. The shape of the cross-section of the following edge of the groove may be considerably varied. It may be an acute angle with good results, but I prefer that such shape shall bel a right-ang1e or a somewhat obtuse angle, because such a shape can be constructed with less diiiicnlty and expenseand retained for a longer period without repair, and because I find by experience that such a shape is entirely satisfactory in practice. The action of the grooved spindle resembles that of a reamer and a breach. It transforms the iiyings which have accumulated within the its very frequent application, and reduces the power required for the rotation of thev spindle and the reciprocation of the beuring by reducing the coeiicient of friction nearer to the minimum value which is ob- \tainable by the use of a continuous supply ci? lubricant. This lubricated and lubricating mass gradually passes downward, through the groove, and wholly out at the lower end of the bearing. The action which has just been described is continuous, and entirely prevel'ltsany accumulation which may tend to form between thdspindle and its bolster-tube, from' increasing` to suoli an extent as to cause any ot the difficulties which it is the purpose of my `invention to overcome. I

Below the bolster-bearing, the interior of the bolster-tube is of. larger diameter than the bolster-bearing. Prior to my invention, the enlarged annular space in thc bolstertube below the bolster-bearing and between the spindle and the tube gradually iilled with flyings which were carried around and up and down the spindle by the traverse of the bolster, often packing tightly into the space and causing the spindle to stick tlghtly infthe tube. With my invention, the soft oily mass of short fragments of bers and dust which is carried into such space through the groove acts as a lubricator and as a weight to lubricate and press downwardly any accumulation of fibers which may be found in such space. It works downwardly along the spindle or the interior of the tube and dropsupon the coverboard below the tube. It can be removed Willi coinpauive ease anal, prior lio ifs remo 'lin-:1l lmi'm.

lneiilenlnlly, my inveniion nn'iiies niueli eiisiei' llie woili ol" monnginw n room in Wliieli i'lie machines are p1' vi ed Willi. my invention. The peifom'nzinee oldie ma eliineel so meeli oet e: and their fnollnelion is so 'einen increased lie" oni tives who would otherwise Complain :incl ieliee to ren'niin in tlie caire of Snell mneliiiiee een-- vinile comparatively .long in snel employment and witlion, Compl: inl.

I claim:

l. 1n a Slnbbing, oving, o1' il); ici-ennez of o Spinnii'ig, lwlsl'inv o1: like machine, in eombinaion: o los ing-z and7 a. ifo-l ll'ioi; :nep'efl lo revolve l, "ing: willi tive longitudinal i bearing and lim N wliieli adnpl'eil l ii'nveise vi'tliin llif ell to elemj n i el, it does no lle Winding ol2 toe i el' the opposile liano,

3. In :i sluliliing, roving7 oi. Y or a spinning tivisl Vig, or like meel'nn ii combination: e bolstei; onoe :i Spindle f 1S adaped to revolve 1n the bolster relative longitudinal tra-verse of the s oinlle and die bolster and having orn'iefl in 'elle portion that is adapted to 'revolve and io relatively Reverse Within the belgien e groove of long pteli. which adepte clear iflyings anal other mettere from the. interior of the eolsezx S relative longiuclinul traverse of T -i comin ieliion: n igiolsflei; :mit e .lil the bolster ond having foimeo nu lso beyond lille lnms of inni poilion of ilie /indle wliiell is adopted to revolve and ollom of elle liolser-elifxmliei' mining :i move flint iQ miep l l'lie bolster.

n :i slubliing, roving. or .ily lim 'lining'7 tw le', oi like min/:lli il Spii'n'lle :uligiieil lo revolve in llie lxolfei' ive loneimlinzil lsziveiwe oJiY itlie s ovine' o np; lievl'ino me il lon o" llie fsoi'illliixvliii l ,l lo ielzilivelv li'ti'v v vue-en lllie lop of ff 1 ille ooliom olf llie bo m3 lworii'ig e; i oei.' llvinge nml otliei nl: l e inferior of the liolsl'ei. .ln :l :ilnblnngT loving, o? 4fly :spinningl lmvisl'ine like nimliii i. i ille l' lil i) dive longil'nflilml linveise ol f flie winnie no the liolrler :mil having foi-med in :incl

Willi bolli ends extending'.beyond limito in l'ie bolster lielzween ille lop ol iilie "oom"` i lier below llirii bearing' :in helical gioefe long pil'oli Wlneli 1S mlziplefl lo olea@ fly Mile-lei', die direction of 'llie Winding; i gyoove in the spindle being of 'me op in l'lie presence of we Witna inet pori; )n of the op 'Mlle than' l il lo revolve mul lo relatively i'meiffie willi.-

enring :nifl llie liotlom of l'lie Belgier-alienenil other mailers from llie nyei'ioi a' testimony whereof, all' m. will@ .ON ASON 

